AFRICA


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OGADEN

ASIA

EUROPE

ANDALUSIA


In the past it was considered to be represented primarily by the Andalusian Party, however the party disbanded in 2015; there are also lesser political organisations that identify with Andalusian nationalism.

Some political forces without parliamentary presence like Nación Andaluza and Asamblea Nacional de Andalucía may be found advocating independence.

The predecessor of Andalusian nationalism is the peasant anarchism which was quite active during the 19th century. During the reign of Isabella II of Spain, Andalusia was a hotbed of anarchist insurgency. Later, these anarchist cores became protagonists in conflicts between local people and Madrid.

With the declaration of the First Spanish Republic in 1873, various nationalist currents began to emerge in Andalusia. In 1883, an assembly gathered at Antequera drafted a constitution styling Andalusia as an autonomous republic inside a federal state (República Andaluza o Estado libre o autónomo de Andalucía, in Spanish).[3] This constitution is known as Constitución Federal de Antequera.

Blas Infante, a Georgist idealist and founder of modern Andalusian nationalism, initiated an assembly at Ronda in 1918. This assembly adopted a charter based on Antequera Constitution and also adopted the current flag and emblem as “national symbols”.[6] During the Second Spanish Republic, the Andalucismo was represented by the Junta Liberalista, a federalist political party led by Infante.

Andalusian nationalism was revived when Alianza Socialista de Andalucía or ASA (Socialist Alliance of Andalusia) was founded in 1971, at the last period of Francoism in Spain. Andalusian nationalism drew limited but considerable support from the western part of Andalusia, particularly from provincial capitals like Cádiz and Seville.

ASTURIAS


" Asturina cola estrella bermeya ". Asturian socialist flag often used by left-wing nationalist asturian parties such as Andecha Astur" Asturina cola estrella bermeya ". Asturian socialist flag often used by left-wing nationalist asturian parties such as Andecha Astur

“Asturina cola estrella bermeya“. Asturian socialist flag often used by left-wing nationalist asturian parties such as Andecha Astur

Nationalism and regionalism is present in the political spectrum of the Principality of Asturias, northern Spain. Asturian nationalist parties such as Partíu Asturianista had representation in the Asturian parliament and government, and others such as Andecha Astur had representation in some municipalities. However, nationalism is more of a social than a political movement.

History

These movements are rooted in the stages of political sovereignty that Asturias experienced, beginning with the Kingdom of Asturias between the years 718 and 925, followed a millennium later with the declaration of sovereignty of The General Assembly of the Principality of Asturias of 1808, the Socialist Asturian Republic in 1934 and the Sovereign Council of Asturias and León of 1937 as highlights, although the two last are not nationalistic.

In 1976 the first modern Asturian nationalist party, the Asturian Nationalist Council, was founded. Modern-day Asturian nationalism includes political parties and organizations from the left of the political spectrum, including socialist Andecha Astur/Darréu, Unidá and Bloque por Asturies in the left-wing, and the social-democrat Partíu Asturianista. Combined, they represent a minimal part of Asturian society.


The Estreleira is the flag used since the 1970s by the galician separatism and Galician nationalists of left-of-centre to far-left ideological allegiance. This flag merges the Galician national flag (a blue band on a white background) with a red star (a symbol of socialism created in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century). The estreleira flag was created by communist activists of the UPG (Unión do Povo Galego) in the 1960s, correlating the red star to the stars in the flags of many Socialist countries, in particular Yugoslavia. All the nationalist left-wing political parties of Galicia ( BNG , AGE , FPG , CERNA , Nós-Unidade Popular , Causa Galiza , ...) use the Estreleira flag as a party symbol. It's also used by the left-wing nationalist trade unions (such as CIG or CUT ).The Estreleira is the flag used since the 1970s by the galician separatism and Galician nationalists of left-of-centre to far-left ideological allegiance. This flag merges the Galician national flag (a blue band on a white background) with a red star (a symbol of socialism created in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century). The estreleira flag was created by communist activists of the UPG (Unión do Povo Galego) in the 1960s, correlating the red star to the stars in the flags of many Socialist countries, in particular Yugoslavia. All the nationalist left-wing political parties of Galicia ( BNG , AGE , FPG , CERNA , Nós-Unidade Popular , Causa Galiza , ...) use the Estreleira flag as a party symbol. It's also used by the left-wing nationalist trade unions (such as CIG or CUT ).

The Estreleira is the flag used since the 1970s by the galician separatism and Galician nationalists of left-of-centre to far-left ideological allegiance.

This flag merges the Galician national flag (a blue band on a white background) with a red star (a symbol of socialism created in the Soviet Union in the early 20th century). The estreleira flag was created by communist activists of the UPG (Unión do Povo Galego) in the 1960s, correlating the red star to the stars in the flags of many Socialist countries, in particular Yugoslavia.

All the nationalist left-wing political parties of Galicia (BNG, AGE, FPG, CERNA, Nós-Unidade Popular, Causa Galiza, …) use the Estreleira flag as a party symbol. It’s also used by the left-wing nationalist trade unions (such as CIG or CUT).

Galicia

Youth advocacy groups: Xeira, Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF


VOJVODINA

  • People: Serbs, Hungarians in Serbia

  • Proposed state: Republic of Vojvodina

  • Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina

  • Proposed autonomous area: Hungarian Regional Autonomy in Northern Vojvodina[citation needed]

  • Political parties (autonomist): League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, Reformists of Vojvodina, Vojvodina’s Party

The idea was introduced during the 1990s and was more popular during the Yugoslav Wars when one part of the local population wasn’t satisfied with the regime of Slobodan Milošević. During this time period, Milošević’s regime abolished much of the aspects of Vojvodina’s autonomy, which the province enjoyed during the time of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

There are several political parties or party coalitions that advocate more for Vojvodina within Serbia. Most popular of them is the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina led by Nenad Čanak. Other parties include: Vojvodina’s Party, Vojvodinian Movement, etc. These parties are mostly led and supported by local Vojvodinian Serb population. There are also several political parties of local ethnic minorities, some of which, aside from supporting rights of ethnic minorities, are also supporting the idea of more autonomy for Vojvodina.

There are various views among autonomist political parties about the desired level of autonomy of Vojvodina. Some of the proposals are advocating (or advocated) returning to the level of autonomy as it was in 1974, while other proposals are supporting the idea of more autonomy than in 1990s, but somewhat less than in 1974.

One of the proposals was the proposal of the League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, which advocated the transformation of Serbia into a “democratic federal state” with federal units with higher or lower levels of autonomy. One of the federal units of federal Serbia, according to the proposal, would be the Republic of Vojvodina (Serbian: Република Војводина or Republika Vojvodina; Hungarian: Vajdasági Köztársaság; Slovak: Republika Vojvodina; Croatian: Republika Vojvodina; Romanian: Republica Voivodina; Rusyn: Република Войводина). Besides Vojvodina, other federal units would be Šumadija, South-Eastern Serbia, city of Belgrade, Sandžak and Kosovo. According to the League, this political solution would “stabilize Serbia as a state and would prevent any separatist tendencies on the territory of Serbia”. In recent years, the League mostly abandoned the idea about Republic of Vojvodina, but it still advocating a higher level of autonomy for the province.

On January 28, 2013 as an answer to the proposal of the Third Serbia political organization from Novi Sad to abolish the autonomy of Vojvodina,[1][2] the Vojvodina’s Party performed a campaign that involved the posting of “Republic of Vojvodina” posters in Novi Sad.[3]

NORTH AMERICA


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BAJA CALIFORNIA

  • Ethnic group: Bajacalifornians

  • Proposed state: Republic of Baja California

  • Advocacy movement: Baja California Independence Movement

  • Political parties: Baja California Republican Movement

  • Movement: Baja California Independence Movement

Militant organization: Separatist Army of the Sovereign State of Baja California


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CALIFORNIA

  • Pressure groups: Yes California, Californians for Independence

  • Political party: California National Party

California is a state in the US situated in the Pacific region. It is the third largest state and has a population of 39.3 million. The state has the biggest economy in the US. Separatist movements proposed secession to form the second Californian Republic or the new California. The Yes California Independence Campaign was formed in August 2015 by Louis J. Marinelli. After the 2016 elections, Marinelli mentioned that Californians were offended by Trump’s remarks on minority groups. The organization was supposed to gather signatures to be able to hold a referendum on their proposal for separation, but they decided to put the proposal on hold. The California National Party is a political party also fighting for secession. The party is led by Theo Slater, who also heads Yes California. The California National Party is yet to be registered as a political party.


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LABRADOR

Labrador occupies most of the eastern part of the Labrador Peninsula, bordered to the west and the south by Quebec, and shares a small land border with Nunavut on Killiniq Island. The aboriginal peoples of Labrador include the Northern Inuit of Nunatsiavut, the Southern Inuit-Métis of Nunatukavut (NunatuKavut), and the Innu. Many of the non-aboriginal population in Labrador did not permanently settle in Labrador until the natural resource developments of the 1940s and 1950s. Before the 1950s, few non-aboriginal people lived in Labrador year-round. The few European immigrants who worked seasonally for foreign merchants and brought their families were known as settlers.

A Royal Commission in 2002 determined that there is some public pressure from Labradorians to break from Newfoundland and become a separate province or territory. Some of the Innu First Nation wish for the area become a homeland for them, much as Nunavut is for the Inuit; a 1999 resolution of the Assembly of First Nations claimed Labrador as a homeland for the Innu and demanded recognition in any further constitutional negotiations regarding the region.

The northern Inuit self-government region of Nunatsiavut was created in 2005 through agreements with the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador and the Government of Canada. The Southern Inuit of Nunatukavut (NunatuKavut), who are also seeking self-government, have their land claim before the Government of Canada. The Government of Newfoundland and Labrador refuses to recognize or negotiate with the Inuit of NunatuKavut until their claim has been accepted by the Government of Canada.[


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Newfoundland

Proposed State: Newfoundland

There is a secessionist movement in Newfoundland based on its unique history, and as a result of its grievances and broken promises with both the federal government and the government of Quebec. Prior to 1949 the area was a self-governing Dominion (Dominion of Newfoundland). “The root of our trouble is centred in the relationship between the two countries, between Newfoundland as a country and Canada” according to James Halley, a former lawyer involved in negotiating a deal to get Newfoundland into Canada in 1949. According to a July 2003 report, secessionism was on the rise In 2004, a “flag flap” occurred when the premier of Newfoundland and Labrador removed all Canadian flags from government buildings and raised provincial flags instead.[2] Tensions have since eased; however, a non-organized movement has emerged amongst citizens and the ability of potential premiers to appeal to a strong sense of Newfoundland nationalism is imperative to forming a government.


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PUERTO RICO

  • Political party: Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)

  • Pressure group: Puerto Rican Nationalist Party, Movimiento Independentista Nacional Hostosiano (MINH), Socialist Front (FS)

New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico

Puerto Rican Independence Party (PIP)

A colonial territory of the United States located on the outer edge of the Caribbean Sea just east of the Dominican Republic. Though they are technically considered U.S. citizens, Puerto Ricans can not vote for president or elect voting senators or representatives to the U.S. Congress.

In the past, Puerto Rico had a robust local economy largely dependent on manufacturing and real estate, generating roughly $200 billion in GDP.

The people of Puerto Rico are more inclined to join the United States under full statehood than they are to create an independent nation. However, the data reflects a pre-Trump era, and their treatment after the hurricanes, including little-to-no relief aid, slow

as well as racist and disparaging comments made by the un-elected colonial governors put in charge of the island by the American government.

may have pushed some the majority of the country the other direction.

Today the the Puerto Rican Independence Party is still very active, and holds seats in the Puerto Rican Senate and House of Representatives.

The government would be left-leaning and reflective of the current democratic political parties they have currently in power.


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QUEBEC

  • Regional group: Québécois people

  • Proposed state: Flag of Quebec.svg Republic of Quebec

  • Civil organization: Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises (MNQ), Rassemblement pour l’indépendance du Québec (RIQ), Les Intellectuels pour la souveraineté (IPSO), Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec (MLNQ), Réseau de Résistance du Québecois (RRQ)

Labour union: Confédération des syndicats nationaux (CSN), Centrale des syndicats du Québec (CSQ), Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (FTQ), Union des artistes (UDA)

  • Political party: Parti Québécois, Bloc Québécois, Québec solidaire, Marxist–Leninist Party of Quebec

Quebec fell under British rule in the 18th century, but nostalgia for its French past remains, not least in the Canadian province’s French motto: “Je me souviens,” or “I remember.” Quebec is overwhelmingly French-speaking. According to the 2006 census, 85% of Quebecers list French as their mother tongue (as opposed to residents in most other provinces, of whom more than 90% are English-speaking). Quebecers came close to attaining statehood in October 1995 when a deficit of 53,000 votes (out of a constituency of 7.5 million) prevented secessionists from winning a mandate for independence.

Today, the movement has lost much of the momentum it had at its peak in the ’90s, thanks in large part to the parliamentary power of the Bloc Québécois. As the party (the most popular in Quebec) works to promote Quebec’s political agenda and protect Francophone interests against perceived English assimilation, separation has been less of a priority for many Quebecers.


SONORA

  • Ethnic group: Sonorense

  • Proposed state: Republic of Sonora

  • Advocacy movements: Free Sonora, New Republic of Sonora

  • Political party: Separatist Movement of the Northern States


VERMONT

The Second Vermont Republic (SVR, 2VR) is a secessionist movement which seeks to restore the formerly independent status of the Vermont Republic (1777–1791). It describes itself as “a nonviolent citizens’ network and think tank opposed to the tyranny of Corporate America and the U.S. government, and committed to the peaceful return of Vermont to its status as an independent republic and more broadly the dissolution of the Union.” The organization was founded in 2003 by Thomas Naylor (1936–2012), a former Duke University economics professor and co-author of the 1997 book Downsizing the U.S.A. The Group garnered great attention, and a 2010 TIME article featured the Second Vermont Republic as one of the “Top 10 Aspiring Nations”.

The guiding principles of the Second Vermont Republic are generally progressive, with a focus on equality, green energy, sustainable agriculture, and strong local government. While most people in Vermont endorse these values, secession has been a tough sell. Still, the state independence movement is gaining ground, and one poll estimates that 13 percent of the populace supports the idea. Of course, the state’s disenchantment with current American politics may have something to do with those high numbers. In March 2008, two Vermont towns voted to arrest President Bush and Vice President Cheney should they ever show their faces there. 

These principles are echoed by groups such as the Green Mountain Anarchist Collective (GMAC), who were generally favorable to the idea of Vermont secession and an empowered Town Meeting system of self-government, showing that Vermonters have a strong sense of independent identity, and still value the sovereignty of their state.

The new Vermont Republic would still be contained within the borders of state itself. Vermont is a largely agrarian society where 75% of its economy is made up of agriculture. It would generate roughly $25 billion in GDP. The government would be a social democracy, similar to that of Austria, Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland.


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YUCATAN

Texas – Yucatán relations refers to the historical foreign relations between the Republic of Texas and Republic of Yucatán. Relations effectively began in 1841 when Yucatán seceded from Mexico. Relations ended upon the annexation of Texas by the United States.

Both Texas and Yucatán began as Mexican Territories, both territories were resistant to the order of the Mexican Government and each decided to secede. Both territories reasons for secession differed, but nonetheless they shared a common goal of Independence. Texas seceded first in 1836, 1841 Yucatán seceded with help from Texan naval forces.[1]

Conflict with Mexico did not end for either republic after independence, the battle on land became minimal but the battle at sea raged on, the two republics had to strengthen their alliance in order to survive as sovereign nations.[2] The British Empire supplied The Mexican Navy with Ironclads,[3] while France supplied Texas and Yucatán with diplomatic support.

OCEANIA

SOUTH AMERICA

AMAZONIA


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